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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025-26


The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025-26 includes a conceptual, advanced educational design including important key chemical concepts related to solid state, solutions, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, surface chemistry, coordination compounds, biomolecules, and polymers. The assessment of the syllabus will take into account the balance between theory and practical work to develop an analytical and problem solving ability related to chemistry.

The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus offers a meaningful practical laboratory experience no matter what primary textbook is being used. "Keemiya II" also includes real experiments, lab practicals, and many activities to provide an active, practical, and dynamic learning experience. It will also help to deepen the structuring of chemistry content knowledge in your students' higher studies and competitive exams such as JEE and NEET.

This syllabus provides students with an application of chemistry in their everyday lives, such that their learning incorporates a 360 degree experience to all aspects. Students become aware of observable chemistry during the experimentation process, which supports creativity, critical and analytical thinking, scientific temper, etc., that support the daily lives of students in their studies and future.

 

Chapters and Topics Covered CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Chemistry: 

Unit Name

Topics Name

Marks

Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

1.1 Importance of Chemistry

7

1.2 Nature of Matter

1.3 Properties of Matter and their Measurement

1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement

1.5 Laws of Chemical Combinations

1.6 Dalton’s Atomic Theory

1.7 Atomic and Molecular Masses

1.8 Mole Concept and Molar Masses

1.9 Percentage Composition

1.10 Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations

Unit 2: Structure of Atom

2.1 Discovery of Sub-atomic Particles

9

2.2 Atomic Models

2.3 Developments Leading to the Bohr’s Model of Atom

2.4 Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom

2.5 Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom

2.6 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom

Unit 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

3.1 Why do we Need to Classify Elements?

6

3.2 Genesis of Periodic Classification

3.3 Modern Periodic Law and the Present Form of the Periodic Table

3.4 Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Numbers > 100

3.5 Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table

3.6 Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: s-, p-, d-, f- Blocks

3.7 Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements

7

Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

4.1 Kössel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding

4.2 Ionic or Electrovalent Bond

4.3 Bond Parameters

4.4 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

4.5 Valence Bond Theory

4.6 Hybridisation

4.7 Molecular Orbital Theory

4.8 Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

4.9 Hydrogen Bonding

Unit 5: Thermodynamics

5.1 Thermodynamic Terms

9

5.2 Applications

5.3 Measurement of ΔU and ΔH: Calorimetry

5.4 Enthalpy Change, ΔrH of a Reaction – Reaction Enthalpy

5.5 Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions

5.6 Spontaneity

5.7 Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium

Unit 6: Equilibrium

6.1 Equilibrium in Physical Processes

7

6.2 Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium

6.3 Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant

6.4 Homogeneous Equilibria

6.5 Heterogeneous Equilibria

6.6 Applications of Equilibrium Constants

6.7 Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G

6.8 Factors Affecting Equilibria

6.9 Ionic Equilibrium in Solution

6.10 Acids, Bases and Salts

6.11 Ionization of Acids and Bases

6.12 Buffer Solutions

6.13 Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts

Unit 7: Redox Reactions

7.1 Classical Idea of Redox Reactions-Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

4

7.2 Redox Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions

7.3 Oxidation Number

7.4 Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes

Unit 8: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques

8.1 General Introduction

11

8.2 Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds

8.3 Structural Representations of Organic Compounds

8.4 Classification of Organic Compounds

8.5 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

8.6 Isomerism

8.7 Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism

8.8 Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds

8.9 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds

8.10 Quantitative Analysis

Unit 9: Hydrocarbons

9.1 Classification

10

9.2 Alkanes

9.3 Alkenes

9.4 Alkynes

9.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbon

9.6 Carcinogenicity and Toxicity

Learning Outcomes - CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025-26

  • Understand the main concepts of chemistry, including atomic structure, periodicity, chemical relations and various chemical reactions.
  • Develop strong analytical and problem-solution skills through numerical exercises on mole concept, stoichiometry, thermodynamics and chemical equations.
  • Explain periodic trends and interpret the behavior of elements based on their positions in the periodic table.
  • Chemical equations demonstrate the knowledge of principles, molecular geometry, hybridization and knowledge of molecular polarity.
  • Apply the rules of thermodynamics to analyze energy changes in chemical reactions and physical systems.
  • Analyze the chemical and ionic balance, which includes factors affecting the balance using Le Chentellier's principle.
  • Identify and balance the redox reactions, understand the oxidation number, and related them to the applications of the real world.
  • Explore chemistry of hydrogen, S block and P block elements, their properties and practical importance.
  • Understand the basic principles of organic chemistry including IUPAC naming, reaction mechanisms and purification techniques.

Disclaimer: The syllabus and academic information provided here are taken from official CBSE and NCERT sources. For any updates or confusion, please refer to the official CBSE or NCERT websites.

Frequently Asked Questions

The syllabus covers topics from Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry. The major areas include Solid State, Solutions, Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics, Surface Chemistry, p-Block, d-Block, f-Block elements, Coordination Compounds, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Amines, and Biomolecules.

The NCERT Chemistry textbook (Part I & II) for Class 12 is the primary recommended book by CBSE. It is considered sufficient for both board exam preparation and competitive exams like JEE and NEET.

 

The core syllabus remains largely the same as earlier years, but CBSE makes minor updates or rationalizations from time to time. Students should always refer to the latest syllabus released on the official CBSE website to ensure they are following the updated version.

 

The Chemistry syllabus is divided into three sections:

  • Physical Chemistry (concepts, numerical, laws, and applications)

  • Organic Chemistry (reaction mechanisms, conversions, and applications)

  • Inorganic Chemistry (elements, compounds, and periodic properties)
    It also includes a practical component focusing on experiments, salt analysis, and project work.

Internal evaluation carries 30 marks, which are distributed as follows:

  • Practical Experiments: 8 marks

  • Salt Analysis: 7 marks

  • Content-Based Experiment/Project Work: 6 marks

  • Class record, viva, and attendance: 5 marks

  • Practical File: 4 marks